What’s the Difference Between “Hard” and “Soft” Credit Inquiries?

Credit scores are an important part of the mortgage process. When you get your credit score pulled, there are two different types of credit pulls. Referred to as “hard inquiries” or “soft inquiries,” it is important to understand the difference between the two and how they impact your credit.

Hard Inquiries

Hard credit inquiries are used when a lending decision has to be made. These “hard pulls” are used banks, mortgage lenders, or credit card companies. Hard inquiries can affect your overall credit score by a few points, and occasionally won’t impact your credit score at all. Common types of hard credit inquiries are:

• Mortgage applications
• Auto loan applications
• Credit card applications
• Student loan applications
• Personal loan applications
• Apartment rental applications

Soft Inquiries

Soft credit inquiries are typically used in a background check, but do not affect your overall credit score. In fact, soft inquiries can occur without you knowing! Many credit card companies will use soft inquiries to pre-qualify you for their card.

• Checking your credit scores on Credit Karma
• “Pre-qualified” credit card offers
• “Pre-qualified” insurance quotes
• Employment verification (i.e. background check)

You may ask yourself: If a hard credit inquiry is used to qualify me for my mortgage, how can I rate shop? Your FICO credit score gives you a 30-day grace period before certain loan inquiries are reflected in your FICO credit scores.

You should check your credit often, or at least once a year. To order a copy of your report annually for free, visit annualcreditreport.com or call 1-877-322-8228. Should you find an error on your report, contact the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) for further assistance.